iMore

Is it possible to sync the calendar and contacts that are currently on my iPhone and upload (sync) with iCloud? My phone is getting the calendar, contacts and tasks from my work Exchange server so my phone is all updated but I thought maybe I could turn on the iCloud sync on the phone and it would sync, am I correct in this assumption? The reason I don't try it is because when I tried the Outlook sync with iCloud it caused some very unwanted work and headaches. I would like to know if anyone has tried this and had a successful or failed result.
Thanks,