It doesn't matter that the angles are slightly different in the ceiling photos. The light is going directly into each lens. Clearly (well, to me, at least), that is not the issue.
The biggest issue is the exposure. The two phones exposed the image differently, which would be obvious if the OP provided source images with the EXIF data (since most no one else mentioned it), but it's equally obvious by just seeing how washed out the bottom picture is... Higher exposure will blow lights out - this is why if you turn the lights off in a room, except for one lamp, and point the phone at it; the phone will ramp the exposure/ISO down to almost base. It's tricker in scenes like this because you want the people on the bench to be visible, and they're far off in the background. You have to focus on them, and then adjust the exposure to eliminate the lens flare after focusing (or use a different focal and exposure point in a 3rd party camera app).
Where the people are sitting, it's obvious that photo was exposed higher (for a darker area of the image) than the other (where the lights were kept in check).
The angle only matters insofar as it changed where the phone automatically focused when taking the shot, which caused it to expose differently than the other phone. It doesn't affect whether or not the phone is more prone to blowing out lights. In one photo, the people in the background are more visible, but the lights are blown out. In the other photo, the exposure is better, but the people are less visible in the background. Pick your poison

This is a situation where having a similar sensor with more MP would really come in handy, because you could expose for a lighter part of the scene, but still have enough resolution to crop into the people and get a better photo after doing what you needed to do.
Not sure what type of metering Apple uses in their camera software. No third party camera apps I've bought allow you to change it, but when I had a Galaxy Note 3 changing the phone to use Matrix pretty much eliminated that from happening 99% of the time, since the phone would account for the light across the entire frame/scene when exposing the image. I'm guessing the phone is using Center-Weighted Metering instead, which is why it has a tendency to blow things out.
Like I said, using separate focal and exposure points can alleviate many of these issues.