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Is iTunes up-to-date?
It might be an outdated driver, and those are brought in with iTunes updates.
Sometimes it helps to plug your iPhone into the USB port directly on the motherboard of the computer, without any hubs or extension cords attached to it.
Simply try all ports on your computer to see if the iPhone is recognized.
It is possible that it’s not your computer not recognizing you phone, it’s actually the other way around. Is it possible you accidentally turned on the option where iPhone doesn’t trust USB connected accessories while locked? This can be glitchy and happen by accident. I cannot remember the specifics, may be someone else can help. But I’d search for things like “USB accessories iPhone connection” etc. Good luck
Versus using a PC, why not sync iCloud images with Google Photos?
Thus, anytime you take a photo, Google Photos has a copy, automaticall. Thus, no need for connecting the device to Windows, period.
Merely a suggestion. That's the way I use it.