I am sure you know this but One drive is available for the Mac and the iPhone. (nearly Everything MS is on OSX and iOS)
Outlook email app on iPhone is really good, but not really needed, the native client does a great job.
I like fantastical as much as apples calendar.
Of course make sure your iCloud account is logged into the phone and the mac ( same apple ID)
Zedge is a great sound app for ring tones and message alerts etc. My message alert is Microsofts default windows phone sound.
(zedge requires a tiny bit of work, have to use iTunes thru the mac to get the sounds back on the phone)
Cortana is pretty good, not as good as she is on WP tho. Siri can be good for some things as well.
You can screen shot by hitting the power button and the home button, quickly, simultaneously.
Double Press the home button to close down apps. (swipe up)
icloud.com email address is best for Notes syncing.
in settings under notifications, you can change how each and every app notifies you. (badges, banners, sounds)
at the VERY bottom of Notifications settings is where AMBER alerts and Emergency alerts are turned on and off.
With apple, You should have yourself as a contact with your phone #, Address, work address etc. Then tell Siri who you are, then you can say things like take me home, and she navigates to your house. or you can say, Remind me to call Bob when I get home. and it will tell you when you get home.
or the same at work. Remind me to tell my boss I want a raise when I get to work. it will remind you when you get there.
Siri can also ad Drive time to work if you use all those settings.
Make sure you have Handoff enabled on the phone and on the mac. will make things very nice.
Upgrade to iCloud drive. and there is a toggle on settings on iPhone to show the icon on the screen of not.
You can drag and drop files and pictures back and forth the mac and iPhone using Air Drop.
on background app refresh, I only turned off a few. amazon, google news, ebay. I left everything else on.
In Settings ( no sub menu) if you scroll down, you will see Facebook and Twitter. if you log in There, you can post web sites, pictures etc Directly to facebook or twitter without actually going to the Facebook app. (tap the square with the arrow up to "share" anything)
Under photos and camera settings, you can manage your Photo Stream and iCloud library from there.
From any screen pull down from the top (start just above the screen) it will bring down Today and Notifications. If you go to the bottom of Today, you can edit and rearrange stuff there ( or add widgets )
(start at bottom slightly off or below the screen) slide up and that is quick settings.
Power user note ;p if the moon is lit up, you won't see or hear anything (its do not disturb)
You can set up, up to 5 fingers for the finger print reader. I used both thumbs so it would work in either hand, but I also added one index finger for while I am chilin at home.
I can't think of anything else right now. tired ..