You could easily consider anything other than basic mail, calendar, contacts, browser, phone, texting, and camera as "bloat" regardless of platform. I make use of a lot of Apple's stock apps, but I keep some of them tucked into a folder that rarely gets opened.
I think that would be a good segue into a discussion of what one consider to be core apps, and what are bloat apps (besides the obvious ones of carrier-added junk). I live and die by my reminders and notes apps, first thing I did when I made my brief foray into Android was to find a suitable note taking app that was as good as the one I had on iPhone. Didn't have reminders on my pre-Android days iPhone, but now rely on it wholly for both timed reminders as well as acting as a shared grocery list between my wife and myself (I know you can get other apps for this, but it works perfectly in the stock reminders app for me).
I've never needed the compass app, but I can see its usefulness if you need it in a pinch.
I also don't think one can make a complete apples to apples comparison between the two platforms when it comes to bloat due to the completely different infrastructure. Apple controls the entire iOS experience, so whatever apps are on it are considered core apps with nothing else added by external sources. Android is of course a different beast. I believe that anything that is not on stock Android (i.e. Nexus devices) is usually considered to be bloat. The two different kinds of Android bloat are: 1. manufacturer-added apps (i.e., Samsung's different S-apps) and 2. ones added by different carriers.
I find the first to be less egregious for the most part as some people find some of the manufacturer ones to be useful. I know that some of the apps added for the Note serve to take better advantage of its capabilities (i.e. S-pen stuff) than stock Android. However some of the Samsung apps are duplicate layers on top of what stock Android already has in it, like their own media store, music store, etc. Those I would consider to be bloat. I haven't had much experience with other phone manufacturers so I can't reliably comment on them, but I know that people like some of the other manufacturer additions like blink feed on the newer HTC phones.
The carrier ones for the most part are useless. Most of them want to milk you for money for services that already come with stock Android, like AT&T navigation apps. That's the worst kind of bloat imaginable and I have yet to find one person who actually says they like and get good use out of carrier added apps.