It usually takes hours or even days for them to appear in my FB Feed. Friends, using similar devices, and procedure, have their pics load almost instantaneously.
Welcome to iMore! Mine load fast. How is your wifi signal? Or cellular signal? A bad signal from either can cause this. Reboot your wifi modem/Router. Do a hard reset of the phone.
Hold the top or side power/sleep button and the home button at the same time until the Apple logo appears, then release.
See if all that works.
Be sure you are signed in to Facebook in your phone's Settings.