There are 3 places to try turning your volume up.
1. The switch on the side of the phone.
2. Go to Settings > Sounds > turn volume up
3. Pull up the control center from the bottom and turn the volume up.
If that doesn't work, give more info. Where does it not work?
My phone did this a couple weeks ago. For some reason my phone thought I had headphones plugged in. I ended up plugging in my headphones and removing them and it fixed it.